ConsciousEngine

bath and body products

2006-08-10T20:45:00.000-07:00

I am a keen internet surfer and I love Talking Scents bath and body products. Their bath bombs not on smell great but they have a fantastic range of competitively priced essential oils.

Karting UK

2006-07-27T06:10:00.000-07:00

Formula Nuts is a grass roots Karting Competition which will provide enthusiasts with an opportunity to be a Motor Racing driver at Silverstone. The winner will race with team nuts at the BTCC. Team Nuts and Virgin have a team for the last 5 races of the BTCCwith Dave Pinkney. KartingQualifying heats will be in the following areas: Karting Edinburgh, Karting Newcastle, Karting Manchester, Karting Liverpool, Karting Birmingham, Karting Bristol, Karting Cardiff and Karting London.

UK Karting Championship

2006-07-20T08:40:00.000-07:00

Formula Nuts brought to you by Drive Sport will be putting together a UK Karting event where the winner will get to race at Silverstone. Karting time trials will be held at the following locations; Karting London, Karting Manchester, Karting Liverpool, Karting Birmingham, Karting Nottingham, Karting Leeds, Karting Newcastle, Karting Sunderland, Karting Bristol, Karting Cardiff, Karting Devon, Karting Midlands, Karting Edinburgh,Karting Glasgowand Karting in Wales

Cloudberry

2006-01-26T14:25:00.000-08:00

Eskimos

Atlantic Languages

2005-11-17T17:20:00.000-08:00

Formerly West Atlantic languages branch of the Niger-Congo language family spoken primarily in Senegal, The Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. The approximately 45 Atlantic languages are spoken by about 30 million people. One language cluster, Fula (also called Fulani, Peul, Fulfulde, and Toucouleur), accounts for more than half of this number and is the most widely scattered language

Asafetida

2005-10-15T13:15:00.000-07:00

Gum resin prized as a condiment in India and Iran, where it is used to flavour curries, meatballs, and pickles. It has been used in Europe and the United States in perfumes and for flavouring. Acrid in taste, it emits a strong onionlike odour because of its organic sulfur compounds. It is obtained chiefly from the plant Ferula foetida of the family Apiaceae (Umbelliferae).

Norfolk

2005-07-28T11:05:00.000-07:00

City, Madison county, northeastern Nebraska, U.S., on the north fork of the Elkhorn River. Settled in 1866 by German farmers from Xonia and Watertown, Wis., its name, originally proposed as North Fork, was abbreviated to Norfork and then changed by the post office to Norfolk. The economy depends primarily on agriculture (grain and livestock) and food processing, augmented by manufacturing

Abell, A.s.

2005-07-26T16:40:00.000-07:00

Abell left school at the age of 14 to become a clerk in a store dealing in West Indian wares. He had hoped to become a printer, and in 1822 he was taken on as an apprentice by the Providence

Bonaparte, Lucien

2005-07-24T05:35:00.000-07:00

Educated in France, Lucien returned to Corsica in 1789 and became an outspoken speaker in the Jacobin Club at Ajaccio. He urged his brothers to break with the Corsican

Spongilla

2005-07-07T07:00:00.000-07:00

Sponge genus that includes the freshwater sponge (q.v.) species.

Simeon I

2005-07-05T00:35:00.000-07:00

His dominant ambition, which was to himself ascend the imperial throne of Byzantium—an aspiration

Sanguine

2005-06-28T00:50:00.000-07:00

Especially appropriate for rendering

Lihue

2005-06-02T14:35:00.000-07:00

City, seat of Kauai county, in southeastern Kauai Island, Hawaii, U.S. It is the island's chief port and its cultural and business centre. Sugarcane became the locality's economic mainstay with the foundation of the Lihue Sugar Plantation (1849) by German colonists. The Germans built a Lutheran church (1883), a fusion of classical New England architecture and Bavarian Baroque. The

Insurance, Miscellaneous insurance

2005-05-31T09:25:00.000-07:00

Special casualty forms are issued to cover the hazards of sudden explosions from equipment such as steam boilers, compressors, electric motors, flywheels, air tanks, furnaces, and engines. Boiler and machinery insurance has several distinctive features. A substantial portion of the premium collected is used for inspection services rather than loss protection.

Bothwell, James Hepburn, 4th Earl Of, Duke Of Orkney And Shetland

2005-05-14T22:05:00.000-07:00

The son of Patrick Hepburn, 3rd earl of Bothwell, Hepburn

Acrobatics

2005-03-15T04:23:00.000-08:00

In 1859 the invention of the flying trapeze by J. L�otard, as well as Charles Blondin's crossing of Niagara Falls on a tightrope, rekindled

Kanye

2005-03-14T11:22:00.000-08:00

Village, southern Botswana. It lies along a main road southwest of Gaborone, the national capital. It is one of the country's largest villages and the traditional headquarters of the Bangwaketse people. Kanye is equipped with a mission hospital, an airfield, banks, and schools. Pop. (1984 est.) 23,000.

Udayagiri

2005-03-12T07:34:00.000-08:00

Village and archaeological site, south-central Orissa state, eastern India. In the village are located several Jaina and Buddhist rock-cut caves. One of these is a double-storied cave with ranges of cells cut into three sides of an open courtyard. Inscriptions in the caves date from the 2nd century BC to the 10th century AD.

Pius Iv

2005-03-07T08:59:00.000-08:00

After a long conclave Giovanni was elected pope on Dec. 25, 1559, as Pius IV. Though he had long agreed with those who saw a need for

Balchin, Nigel

2005-03-06T13:22:00.000-08:00

After studying natural science at the University of Cambridge, Balchin divided his time between research work in science and industry (as an industrial psychologist) and writing. During World War II he was deputy scientific adviser to the Army

Roman Religion

2005-03-05T06:57:00.000-08:00

Beliefs and practices of the inhabitants of the Italian peninsula from ancient times until the ascendancy of Christianity in the 4th century AD.

Poland

2005-03-04T02:22:00.000-08:00

Parliamentary elections in September 1997 brought a dramatic reversal in Polish politics. The Solidarity Electoral Action (AWS), a loose coalition of some 30 right-wing groups dominated

Computers, Embedded systems

2005-03-03T17:31:00.000-08:00

One can look at the development of the electronic computer as occurring in waves. The first large wave was the mainframe era, when many people had to share single machines. (The mainframe era is covered in the section The age of Big Iron.) In this view, the minicomputer era can be seen as a mere eddy in the larger wave, a development that allowed a favoured few to have greater

Oliver, King

2005-03-02T16:15:00.000-08:00

Born on a plantation, Oliver went to New Orleans

Alkaptonuria

2005-03-01T09:56:00.000-08:00

Rather rare (one in 200,000 births) inherited disorder of protein metabolism characterized by an inability of the body to metabolize the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine. In the normal metabolic pathway of tyrosine, homogentisic acid is converted to maleylacetoacetate in the liver by the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase. This enzyme is not active in individuals

Light Verse

2005-02-28T23:58:00.000-08:00

The Greeks were among the first to practice

Delos

2005-02-27T16:25:00.000-08:00

Since 1873 the �cole

Wilson, Edmund

2005-02-26T08:49:00.000-08:00

Educated at Princeton, Wilson moved from newspaper reporting in New York to become managing editor of Vanity Fair (1920 - 21) and associate editor of The New Republic (1926 - 31). Wilson's first critical work, Axel's Castle (1931), was an important international survey of the Symbolist

Vise

2005-02-25T06:25:00.000-08:00

Also spelled �Vice, � device consisting of two parallel jaws for holding a workpiece; one of the jaws is fixed and the other movable by a screw, a lever, or a cam. When used for holding a workpiece during hand operations, such as filing, hammering, or sawing, the vise may be permanently bolted to a bench. In vises designed to hold metallic workpieces, the active faces of the jaws are hardened steel

Ejaculatory Duct

2005-02-24T03:42:00.000-08:00

Either of two hollow tubes, each formed by union of the ampulla of a ductus deferens (q.v.) and the excretory duct of a seminal vesicle (q.v.). The ducts, which open into the urethra about halfway through the prostate gland (q.v.), function to mix the sperm stored in the ampulla with fluids secreted by the seminal vesicles and to transport these substances to the prostate.

Sunda Shelf

2005-02-23T01:50:00.000-08:00

Stable continental shelf, or platform, a southward extension of mainland Southeast Asia. Most of the platform is covered by shallow seas, including the southern South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and the Java Sea, averaging less than 330 feet (100 m) in depth. Borneo and parts of Java, Sumatra, and associated islands are eroded metamorphic sections of the shelf left above sea

Daimlerchrysler Ag

2005-02-22T22:22:00.000-08:00

The origins of Chrysler Corporation lie in Maxwell Motor Company, Inc. (first formed in 1913). The first Maxwell car was made in 1904 by Jonathan Maxwell and Benjamin Briscoe, who in 1909 joined the short-lived United States Motor Company. With the collapse of this combine in 1913, Maxwell continued on alone until the postwar recession, when Walter P. Chrysler was brought in to revitalize

Foreman, George

2005-02-21T00:18:00.000-08:00

Foreman grew up in Houston, Texas, and learned to box in a U.S. Job Corps camp in Oregon. At the 1968 Olympic Games in Mexico City, he won the gold medal in the heavyweight boxing competition.

Peretz, I.l.

2005-02-20T18:37:00.000-08:00

Peretz began writing in Hebrew but soon turned to Yiddish. For his tales, he drew material from the lives of impoverished Jews of eastern Europe. Critical of their

Ta-tu

2005-02-19T01:24:00.000-08:00

Pinyin �Dadu�, also spelled �Taidu�, Mongol �Khanbaliq� the city of Peking (q.v.) under the Mongols.

Rouen Ware

2005-02-18T08:40:00.000-08:00

Faience (tin-glazed earthenware) and porcelain wares that made Rouen, Fr., a major pottery centre. In the 16th century faience was used as an element of architectural decoration and in apothecary jars. A Rouen potter, Edme Poterat, who opened a factory in Rouen in 1647, is credited with the invention of France's soft-paste porcelain. He also introduced the radiating festoon style

Philip I

2005-02-17T03:59:00.000-08:00

Philip was the son of the future Holy Roman emperor Maximilian I of Habsburg and Mary of Burgundy. At his mother's death (1482) he succeeded to her Netherlands dominions, with Maximilian acting as regent for him during his minority. When Philip

Alabama, Plant and animal life

2005-02-16T11:15:00.000-08:00

The warm climate of Alabama has nurtured a rich plant cover, including more than 125 tree varieties. Most of the thick forests are in the north and northeast. Pine trees predominate, and live oaks are also found statewide, lending grace to the streets of the older towns and cities. Sweet gum and black walnut are also common, while the colourful red cedar is most abundant in

Meleager

2005-02-15T13:19:00.000-08:00

In Greek mythology, the leader of the Calydonian boar hunt. The Iliad relates how Meleager's father, King Oeneus (q.v.) of Calydon, had omitted to sacrifice to Artemis, who sent a wild boar to ravage the country. Meleager collected a band of heroes to drive it away and eventually killed it himself. The Calydonians and the Curetes (neighbouring warriors who aided in the hunt)

Merapi, Mount

2005-02-14T01:00:00.000-08:00

Indonesian �Gunung Merapi� volcanic mountain peak located near the centre of the island of Java, Indonesia. The volcano is about 20 miles (32 km) north of Yogyakarta and somewhat farther south of Semarang. Merapi (�Mountain of Fire�) rises to 9,551 feet (2,911 m) and has steep slopes with dense vegetation on its lower flanks. It is the most active of Indonesia's 130 active volcanoes. One of its largest eruptions occurred

Zara, Siege Of

2005-02-13T15:24:00.000-08:00

(1202), a major episode of the Fourth Crusade; the first attack on a Christian city by a crusading army, it foreshadowed the same army's assault on Constantinople, the Byzantine capital, in 1203 - 04. Zara (modern Zadar, Croatia), a vassal city of the Venetian republic, rebelled against Venice in 1186 and placed itself under the protection of King B�la III of Hungary. Anxious to reassert their

Polaron

2005-02-12T11:37:00.000-08:00

Electron moving through the constituent atoms of a solid material, causing the neighbouring positive charges to shift toward it and the neighbouring negative charges to shift away. This distortion of the regular position of electrical charges constitutes a region of polarization that travels along with the moving electron. After the electron passes, the region

Literature, Poetry.

2005-02-11T17:12:00.000-08:00

Poet and MacArthur fellow Jim Powell brought out Sappho: A Garland, new translations of the poems and fragments of the 6th-century BC poet from the Mediterranean island of Lesbos. The power of Sappho's poetry resonates throughout the brief 25 pages of this new rendering of her work. Twenty-one living American poets offered their versions of the cantos in Dante's

Ear Disease, Erysipelas of the outer ear

2005-02-10T21:10:00.000-08:00

Erysipelas is an infection in the skin caused by a particular type of streptococcus and characterized by a slowly advancing red, slightly tender thickening of the skin. It may begin at the ear and spread to the face and neck. Centuries ago erysipelas epidemics caused severe and often fatal infections. In AD 1089 one of the most severe erysipelas epidemics occurred. The disease

Hevesy, Georg Charles Von

2005-02-09T02:56:00.000-08:00

Educated at the Technische

Iron Gate

2005-02-08T09:16:00.000-08:00

Romanian �Portile de Fier�, Serbo-Croatian �Gvozdena Vrata� the last gorge of the Djerdap gorge system on the Danube River, dividing the Carpathian and Balkan mountains and forming part of the boundary between Yugoslavia and Romania. It is about 2 miles (3 km) long and 530 feet (162 m) wide, with towering rock cliffs that make it one of the most dramatic natural wonders of Europe. Near the town of Sip a large rock reef (called Perigrada) obstructed

Albano, Lake

2005-02-07T10:14:00.000-08:00

Italian �Lago Albano, � crater lake in the Alban Hills (Colli Albani), southeast of Rome. Elliptical in shape, formed by the fusion of two ancient volcanic craters, it lies 961 feet (293 m) above sea level and has an area of 2 square miles (5 square km) and a maximum depth of 558 feet (170 m). It is fed by underground sources and drained by an artificial outlet, reputedly built in 398 - 397 BC because the oracle at Delphi said that the

Grumiaux, Arthur, Baron

2005-02-06T06:25:00.000-08:00

Grumiaux studied at the Charleroi and Royal conservatories in Brussels and later with Georges Enescu in Paris. In 1939 he won the Vieuxtemps Prize, and a year later he became the first recipient of the Belgian government's Prix de Virtuosit�. Shortly after his debut

Adams, Samuel

2005-02-05T23:29:00.000-08:00

Politician of the American Revolution, leader of the Massachusetts �radicals,� who was a delegate to the Continental Congress (1774 - 81) and a signer of the Declaration of Independence. He was later lieutenant governor (1789 - 93) and governor (1794 - 97) of Massachusetts.

Literature, United States.

2005-02-04T08:13:00.000-08:00

One might wonder, however,

China, Finance

2005-02-03T21:03:00.000-08:00

China's financial institutions are owned by the state. The principal instruments of fiscal and financial control are the People's Bank of China and the Ministry of Finance, both subject to the authority of the State Council. The People's Bank, which replaced the Central Bank of China in 1950 and gradually took over private banks, fulfills many of the functions of Western

Arts, Central Asian, Paleolithic cultures

2005-02-02T03:34:00.000-08:00

The earliest artifacts discovered in Central Asia were found in Siberia and western Turkistan and are from about the 13th millennium BC. During the millennia that followed, migrants entered the region from various directions, regardless of the geographic obstacles they encountered. As a result, some of their artifacts correspond with those produced at a similar

Andersen, Hjallis

2005-02-01T09:29:00.000-08:00

A three-time world, European, and Norwegian champion (1950 - 52), Andersen was the favourite to win the 5,000-metre and 10,000-metre races at the 1952 Olympic Games in Oslo, Norway. He won a surprise

Lopolith

2005-01-31T01:59:00.000-08:00

Igneous intrusion associated with a structural basin, with contacts that are parallel to the bedding of the enclosing rocks. In an ideal example, the enclosing sediments above and below the lopolith dip inward from all sides toward the centre, so that the lopolith is concave upward. Lopoliths, which can be several miles to several hundred miles in diameter, with thicknesses

Medicine, Levels of health care

2005-01-30T22:49:00.000-08:00

In the curative domain there are various forms of medical practice. They may be thought of generally as forming a pyramidal structure, with three tiers representing increasing degrees of specialization and technical sophistication but catering to diminishing numbers of patients as they are filtered out of the system at a lower level. Only those patients who

Subsidence

2005-01-29T20:52:00.000-08:00

Sinking of the Earth's surface in response to geologic or man-induced causes. When subsidence occurs in great belts, providing troughs for the accumulation of sediments, the resulting features are termed geosynclines; nonlinear subsidence produces basins and irregular depressions. Subsurface solution during cave formation may lead to a series of subsidence

Aerospace Industry, Helicopters

2005-01-28T18:49:00.000-08:00

Helicopters occupy important niches in both military and civil aviation. Military models are of two kinds - combat and transport. Combat helicopters are designed by manufacturers specifically for that military purpose, whereas helicopters for transportation frequently exist in both civil and military variants. Short-distance personnel transportation,

Aruqtai

2005-01-27T16:38:00.000-08:00

Chief of the As (or Alan) Mongols, who allied himself with Mahamu, chief of the Oyrat Mongols, and with him defeated Ugechi, whom the Ming dynasty had recognized as the chief of the Mongols. In 1423 Aruqtai proclaimed himself great khan of the Mongols, launching devastating raids into North China. He was finally defeated when Mahamu's son, Togon-tem�r, rebelled against

Toadfish

2005-01-26T20:12:00.000-08:00

Any of about 45 species of bottom-living fishes constituting the family Batrachoididae and the order Batrachoidiformes. They are found chiefly in the New World and mostly in warm seas - occasionally in freshwater. Toadfishes are heavy-bodied fishes with broad, flattened heads and large mouths equipped with strong teeth. They grow to a maximum of about 40 cm (16 inches) and

Arts, Central Asian, Classical music

2005-01-25T09:06:00.000-08:00

In contrast to the folk music styles just described, the court-derived classical style of Bukhara and Samarkand represents a highly systematic, theoretically grounded, cosmopolitan musical tradition. Lying along the medieval Silk Road, the Turkistani oases were open to musical cross-currents. Today's musical roots may reach back to the period in which urban Central

Priceite

2005-01-24T05:55:00.000-08:00

Also called �Pandermite, � an earthy, white borate mineral, hydrated calcium borate (Ca4B10O19�7H2O). It has been found as masses and nodules in a hot-spring deposit near Chetco, Ore., U.S.; as nodules in shale in Death Valley, Calif., U.S.; and as very large masses (weighing up to a ton) underlying gypsum and clay beds at Susurluk in northwestern Turkey. For detailed physical properties, see borate mineral (table).

Andreanof Islands

2005-01-23T19:40:00.000-08:00

Group of the Aleutian Islands, southwestern Alaska, U.S. They lie between the Pacific Ocean (south) and the Bering Sea (north) and extend east-west for about 270 miles (430 km) between the Fox and Rat island groups. The Andreanof Islands were strategically important in World War II, and there is a U.S. military installation on Shemya Island.

Intelligence Test

2005-01-22T09:21:00.000-08:00

The most widely used intelligence tests include the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale and the Wechsler scales. The Stanford-Binet is the American adaptation of the original French Binet-Simon intelligence test; it was first introduced in 1916 by Lewis

Narew River

2005-01-21T02:34:00.000-08:00

East-bank tributary of the Vistula River that rises in western Belarus and flows into eastern Poland. The Narew River is 272 miles (438 km) long and drains an area of more than 10,800 square miles (28,000 square km). It rises in the Belovezhskaya Forest in western Belarus and flows westward through wooded plains and marshlands. After entering Poland it swings north near Bialystok before

Artis Zoological Garden

2005-01-20T06:39:00.000-08:00

Byname of �Foundation Of The Royal Zoological Society Natura Artis Magistra, �Dutch �Artis Diergaarde, or Stichting Koninklijk Zoologisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra, � zoological garden founded in 1838 by the Royal Zoological Society of Holland. It occupies a 10-hectare (25-acre) site in Amsterdam and houses nearly 5,600 specimens of some 1,350 species. Heavily oriented toward scientific research, the zoo has an animal behaviour laboratory and an aquarium and is closely affiliated with a library and a zoological museum.

Spitfire

2005-01-19T16:08:00.000-08:00

The Spitfire was a low-wing monoplane that was first flown in 1936 and was first put into service with the Royal Air Force in 1938. It was modified continuously throughout the war to serve in a variety

West Lancashire

2005-01-18T19:55:00.000-08:00

District, administrative and historic county of Lancashire, northwestern England, north of the city of Liverpool. West Lancashire is separated from the Irish Sea by the narrow coastal strip of Sefton except in the north at the mouth of the River Ribble. The district is essentially a low-lying coastal plain, much of it reclaimed marshland, although marshes in the extreme

Iridium

2005-01-17T21:03:00.000-08:00

(Ir), chemical element, one of the platinum metals of Group VIII of the periodic table. It is very dense and rare and is used in platinum alloys. A precious, silver-white metal, iridium is hard and brittle, but it becomes ductile and can be worked at a white heat, from 1,200� to 1,500� C (2,200� to 2,700� F). It is one of the densest terrestrial substances. In the massive state the metal is practically insoluble

Tribe

2005-01-16T22:27:00.000-08:00

In cultural anthropology, theoretical type of human social organization based on small groups defined by traditions of common descent and having temporary or permanent political integration above the family level and a shared language, culture, and ideology. In the ideal model of a tribe, members typically share a tribal name and a contiguous territory; they

Haakon Vi Magnusson

2005-01-15T21:34:00.000-08:00

Byname �Haakon Magnusson The Younger, �Norwegian �H�kon Magnusson Den Yngre� king of Norway (1355 - 80) whose marriage to Margaret, daughter of the Danish king Valdemar IV, in 1363 paved the way for the eventual union (1397) of the three major Scandinavian nations - Denmark, Norway, and Sweden - the Kalmar Union. Haakon was deeply embroiled throughout his reign in political conflicts with Sweden, Denmark, and the cities of the north German trading confederation,

Wage Theory

2005-01-14T23:03:00.000-08:00

The subsistence theory of wages, advanced by David Ricardo and other classical economists, was based on the population theory of Thomas Malthus. It held that the market price of labour would always tend toward the minimum required for subsistence. If the supply of labour

Lenngren, Anna Maria

2005-01-13T04:49:00.000-08:00

Educated by her father, a lecturer at Uppsala University, Lenngren began to publish poetry at age 18. In 1780 she married Carl Lenngren, founder (with

Olympic Games, Antwerp, Belgium, 1920

2005-01-12T18:13:00.000-08:00

The city, plagued by bad weather and economic woes, had a very short time to clean up the rubble left

Brazil, Visual arts

2005-01-11T14:59:00.000-08:00

The landscape architect Roberto Burle Marx has made urban Brazilians especially aware of the splendours of their natural environment by replacing the traditional, formal European-style gardens containing imported plants with a profusion of native species in approximation to their natural settings. Some of Marx's landscapes have been used to set off the imaginative

Narbonensis

2005-01-10T01:26:00.000-08:00

The area first entered ancient history when the Greek colony of Massilia (modern Marseille) was founded about 600 BC. Roman armies first entered the area in 154 BC to help defend Massilia against Celtic invaders. The Romans conquered

English Literature, The literature of World War I and the interwar period

2005-01-09T20:38:00.000-08:00

The impact of World War I upon the Anglo-American modernists has been noted. In addition the war brought a variety of responses from the more traditionalist writers, predominantly poets, who saw action. Rupert Brooke caught the idealism of the opening months of the war (and died in service); Siegfried Sassoon and Ivor Gurney caught the mounting anger and sense of waste

Phase Diagram

2005-01-08T17:22:00.000-08:00

Graph showing the limiting conditions for solid, liquid, and gaseous phases of a single substance or of a mixture of substances while undergoing changes in pressure and temperature or in some other combination of variables, such as solubility and temperature. The Figure shows a typical phase diagram for a one-component system (i.e., one consisting of a single pure

Ariminum, Council Of

2005-01-07T00:55:00.000-08:00

It was attended by some 400 bishops of the Western Roman Empire, with the Eastern bishops simultaneously meeting at Seleucia (now Silifke, Turkey). The majority of bishops at

Port Hawkesbury

2005-01-06T22:11:00.000-08:00

Town, Inverness county, northeastern Nova Scotia, Canada. It lies along the Strait of Canso, at the southern end of Cape Breton Island, 36 miles (58 km) east of Antigonish. Originally called Ship Harbour, the town was renamed in 1860, possibly for Charles Jenkinson, Baron Hawkesbury (1729 - 1808). It was a transportation hub, serving as the island terminus for the rail and highway ferries to the

Hindi Language

2005-01-05T08:49:00.000-08:00

Official language of the Republic of India, a central Indo-Aryan language claimed as a mother tongue by some 180,000,000 speakers in India. There are also significant numbers of Hindi speakers outside of India, including nearly 1,000,000 in South Africa, 700,000 in Mauritius, 350,000 in Bangladesh, 235,000 in Yemen, and 150,000 in Uganda. Many more hundreds of thousands speak Hindi as a second language. Literary Hindi, written

China, Militarism in China

2005-01-04T10:47:00.000-08:00

During the first years of the republic China had been fractured by rival military regimes to the extent that no one authority was able to subordinate all rivals and create a unified and centralized political structure. The South was detached from Peking's control; but even the southern provinces, and indeed districts within them, were run by different military

Anselm Of Saint Mary

2005-01-03T17:25:00.000-08:00

Anselm entered the order of the Discalced Hermits of St. Augustine in 1644 and, remaining in their monastery (Couvent des Petits P�res), devoted his entire life to genealogical studies. Among his early works are Le Palais

Burchfield, Charles

2005-01-02T20:00:00.000-08:00

From 1912 to 1916 Burchfield attended the Cleveland School of Art. He returned to his home in Salem, Ohio, where he had an industrial job and in his spare time painted imaginative

Jicaque

2005-01-01T14:08:00.000-08:00

Indians of the northwest coast of Honduras. Their culture is similar to that of the Sumo and Miskito of northeastern Nicaragua. The Jicaque are an agricultural people, growing sweet manioc (yuca), bitter manioc, beans, and corn (maize) as staples. Fishing and hunting provide other food; domesticated animals are now common. Their houses are built of poles and thatch. Clothing

Aras River

2004-12-31T20:53:00.000-08:00

Armenian �Araks, �Persian �Rud-e Aras, �Turkish �Aras Nehri, �Greek �Araxes� river rising south of Erzurum in the Bing�l Daglari (mountains) of Turkey; it flows eastward, forming for approximately 275 miles (440 km) the international boundary between Armenia and Azerbaijan on the north and Turkey and Iran on the south. Below the eastern boundary of Armenia, the stream emerges into a broad valley and then crosses the Mugan Steppe. After a course of about

Loches

2004-12-30T22:59:00.000-08:00

Town, Indre-et-Loire d�partement, Centre region, west central France, southeast of Tours, on the left bank of the Indre River. The town is dominated by the medieval citadel, which is surrounded by 1.5 mi (2 km) of old walls. It embraces three separate buildings: the Royal Lodge (mainly 15th century), the Coll�giale Saint-Ours (10th - 11th century), and a ruined fortress with an 11th-century keep

Bradley, Edward R.

2004-12-29T13:00:00.000-08:00

As a student at Cheyney State College (now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania), Bradley worked his way into broadcasting by volunteering at Philadelphia radio station WDAS-FM. After graduating with a degree in education (B.S., 1964), Bradley became an elementary schoolteacher but continued to work

Arakcheyev, Aleksey Andreyevich, Graf (count)

2004-12-28T22:51:00.000-08:00

The son of a minor landowner, Arakcheyev studied at the Artillery and Engineering Corps

Muhammad Shah

2004-12-27T13:35:00.000-08:00

The son of Shah Jahan, Muhammad Shah was made emperor in 1719 by the powerful Sayyid brothers, 'Abdullah and Husayn 'Ali, who had killed the emperor Farrukh-Siyar. In 1720 the assassination of Husayn 'Ali and the defeat of 'Abdullah at the battle of Hasanpur (southwest of Delhi) liberated

Amberg

2004-12-26T06:41:00.000-08:00

City, Bayern Land (Bavaria state), southeastern Germany, on the Vils River, in the foothills of the Franconian Jura and Bayernwald (Bavarian Forest), southeast of N�rnberg. First mentioned in 1034, it was a court town with considerable trade (in iron and tinplate) and industry in the 14th - 16th century. The ducal residence (until 1621) and the capital (until 1810) of the Upper Palatinate, it had many

Gamagori

2004-12-25T09:52:00.000-08:00

City, Aichi Prefecture (ken), Honshu, Japan, facing Mikawa-wan (Mikawa Bay). The city has been well known for the manufacture of cotton textiles since the Tokugawa era (1603 - 1867). Mandarin orange orchards grace the mountain slopes behind Gamagori, which also serves as a seaside resort. There are hot-spring spas nearby. The city is connected by bridge to offshore Take-shima (Take Island),

Aesthetics, Three approaches to aesthetics

2004-12-24T07:46:00.000-08:00

1. The study of the aesthetic concepts, or, more specifically, the analysis of the �language of criticism,� in which particular judgments are singled out and their logic and justification displayed. In his famous treatise On the Sublime and Beautiful (1757), Edmund Burke attempted

Zamindar

2004-12-23T13:17:00.000-08:00

In India, a holder or occupier (dar) of land (zamin). The root words were Persian, and the resulting name was widely used wherever Persian influence was spread by the Mughals or other Indian Muslim dynasties. The meanings attached to it were various. In Bengal the word denoted a hereditary tax collector who could retain 10 percent of the revenue he collected. In the late 18th century

Performing Arts, Europe.

2004-12-22T09:01:00.000-08:00

In the London ballet world, the Royal Ballet's

Florida Agricultural And Mechanical University

2004-12-21T01:45:00.000-08:00

Byname �Florida A

Literature, United Kingdom.

2004-12-20T02:10:00.000-08:00

The Booker Prize chairman of judges, Lord Kenneth Baker, reported that the many entries he had read during 2001 proved that the novel was thriving and keeping abreast of developments within British life. Displacement, often depicted through the uprooted feelings of �migr�s or refugees, was a strong presence

Vads�

2004-12-19T09:53:00.000-08:00

Town and seat of Finnmark fylke (county), northern Norway. Located on the northern shore of Varangerfjorden, the original settlement was on the adjacent island of Vass�ya, but in the early 1700s the port was reestablished on the mainland. Vads� received its town charter in 1833, and the town prospered, principally through trade with Russia. It was almost totally destroyed by

World War I, The Far East

2004-12-18T11:02:00.000-08:00

China's entry into the war in 1917 on the side of the Allies was motivated not by any grievance against the Central Powers but by the Peking government's fear lest Japan, a belligerent since 1914, should monopolize the sympathies of the Allies and of the United States when Far Eastern affairs came up for settlement after the war. Accordingly, in March 1917 the Peking government severed

Pacific Mountain System, Resource exploitation

2004-12-17T22:18:00.000-08:00

The abundant precipitation and deep, weathered soils of the coastal ranges from the Queen Charlotte Islands through the Klamath Mountains and into northern California produce the largest softwood lumber trees in the world. The completion of railroads into the region in the 1880s, giving it access to other parts of the country, made possible the large-scale commercial

Port Elizabeth

2004-12-16T06:48:00.000-08:00

Port city, Eastern province, South Africa. It lies on Algoa Bay of the Indian Ocean. Port Elizabeth was established in 1820 as a British settlement around Fort Frederick (1799), the oldest British building in southern Africa, and was named by Sir Rufane Donkin, the acting governor of the Cape Colony, for his deceased wife, Lady Elizabeth. Completion of the Kimberley Railroad (1873) spurred